{"id":2052,"date":"2020-10-22T23:13:11","date_gmt":"2020-10-22T23:13:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/peninsula360press.com\/?p=2052"},"modified":"2021-02-05T09:56:42","modified_gmt":"2021-02-05T17:56:42","slug":"time-and-death-in-aztec-culture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/peninsula360press.com\/en\/time-and-death-in-aztec-culture\/","title":{"rendered":"Time and death in the Aztec Culture"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/peninsula360press.com\/en\/tag\/rober-diaz\/\">Robert Diaz<\/a>. Peninsula 360 Press [P360P]<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>For the ancient inhabitants of the great Tenochtitlan, dualities, as we know them today, did not exist as such; for example, a difference would have to be made between life and existence. Existence -<em>nemiliztl<\/em>In the Nahuatl language, it would correspond to the night-time part that begins at birth:&nbsp;<em>tlacatiliztli<\/em>and it ends with death -<em>miquiztli<\/em>-that is, that death only represented a dark phase in which the life cycle began to renew itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Death was, for them, only a moment of organic and functional relaxation that prepared a new existence, but this can only be understood by giving a brief review of the way the Mexicas saw time:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0After four times full of chaos in which life did not progress, the fifth sun arrived,\u00a0<em>nahui ollin<\/em>whose original legend says that the gods met in<em>\u00a0Tehotihuac\u00e1n<\/em>\u00a0to create the sun and the moon. It was necessary for this purpose that one of those present, sacrificed himself. Since no one answered a bubbly, little, ugly god called\u00a0<em>Nanahuatzin<\/em>\u00a0stood up to offer himself and in response, the arrogant god\u00a0<em>Tecucizt\u00e9catl<\/em>Lord of the Snails, also offered his life for him to create the stars. The gods gave him preference, but despite trying four times, he was afraid. Instead,\u00a0<em>Nanahuatzin<\/em>\u00a0on the first attempt he courageously threw himself into the bonfire of the creative fire from which the Sun, personified by him, would be born and the Moon by\u00a0<em>Tecucizt\u00e9catl<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-instagram wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-gestor-del-servicio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"instagram-media\" data-instgrm-captioned data-instgrm-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/BqFidgdBkV8\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" data-instgrm-version=\"13\" style=\" background:#FFF; border:0; border-radius:3px; box-shadow:0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width:658px; min-width:326px; padding:0; width:99.375%; width:-webkit-calc(100% - 2px); width:calc(100% - 2px);\"><div style=\"padding:16px;\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/BqFidgdBkV8\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" background:#FFFFFF; line-height:0; padding:0 0; text-align:center; text-decoration:none; width:100%;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <div style=\" display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;\"> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding: 19% 0;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display:block; height:50px; margin:0 auto 12px; width:50px;\"><svg width=\"50px\" height=\"50px\" viewbox=\"0 0 60 60\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\"><g stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"1\" fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\"><g transform=\"translate(-511.000000, -20.000000)\" fill=\"#000000\"><g><path d=\"M556.869,30.41 C554.814,30.41 553.148,32.076 553.148,34.131 C553.148,36.186 554.814,37.852 556.869,37.852 C558.924,37.852 560.59,36.186 560.59,34.131 C560.59,32.076 558.924,30.41 556.869,30.41 M541,60.657 C535.114,60.657 530.342,55.887 530.342,50 C530.342,44.114 535.114,39.342 541,39.342 C546.887,39.342 551.658,44.114 551.658,50 C551.658,55.887 546.887,60.657 541,60.657 M541,33.886 C532.1,33.886 524.886,41.1 524.886,50 C524.886,58.899 532.1,66.113 541,66.113 C549.9,66.113 557.115,58.899 557.115,50 C557.115,41.1 549.9,33.886 541,33.886 M565.378,62.101 C565.244,65.022 564.756,66.606 564.346,67.663 C563.803,69.06 563.154,70.057 562.106,71.106 C561.058,72.155 560.06,72.803 558.662,73.347 C557.607,73.757 556.021,74.244 553.102,74.378 C549.944,74.521 548.997,74.552 541,74.552 C533.003,74.552 532.056,74.521 528.898,74.378 C525.979,74.244 524.393,73.757 523.338,73.347 C521.94,72.803 520.942,72.155 519.894,71.106 C518.846,70.057 518.197,69.06 517.654,67.663 C517.244,66.606 516.755,65.022 516.623,62.101 C516.479,58.943 516.448,57.996 516.448,50 C516.448,42.003 516.479,41.056 516.623,37.899 C516.755,34.978 517.244,33.391 517.654,32.338 C518.197,30.938 518.846,29.942 519.894,28.894 C520.942,27.846 521.94,27.196 523.338,26.654 C524.393,26.244 525.979,25.756 528.898,25.623 C532.057,25.479 533.004,25.448 541,25.448 C548.997,25.448 549.943,25.479 553.102,25.623 C556.021,25.756 557.607,26.244 558.662,26.654 C560.06,27.196 561.058,27.846 562.106,28.894 C563.154,29.942 563.803,30.938 564.346,32.338 C564.756,33.391 565.244,34.978 565.378,37.899 C565.522,41.056 565.552,42.003 565.552,50 C565.552,57.996 565.522,58.943 565.378,62.101 M570.82,37.631 C570.674,34.438 570.167,32.258 569.425,30.349 C568.659,28.377 567.633,26.702 565.965,25.035 C564.297,23.368 562.623,22.342 560.652,21.575 C558.743,20.834 556.562,20.326 553.369,20.18 C550.169,20.033 549.148,20 541,20 C532.853,20 531.831,20.033 528.631,20.18 C525.438,20.326 523.257,20.834 521.349,21.575 C519.376,22.342 517.703,23.368 516.035,25.035 C514.368,26.702 513.342,28.377 512.574,30.349 C511.834,32.258 511.326,34.438 511.181,37.631 C511.035,40.831 511,41.851 511,50 C511,58.147 511.035,59.17 511.181,62.369 C511.326,65.562 511.834,67.743 512.574,69.651 C513.342,71.625 514.368,73.296 516.035,74.965 C517.703,76.634 519.376,77.658 521.349,78.425 C523.257,79.167 525.438,79.673 528.631,79.82 C531.831,79.965 532.853,80.001 541,80.001 C549.148,80.001 550.169,79.965 553.369,79.82 C556.562,79.673 558.743,79.167 560.652,78.425 C562.623,77.658 564.297,76.634 565.965,74.965 C567.633,73.296 568.659,71.625 569.425,69.651 C570.167,67.743 570.674,65.562 570.82,62.369 C570.966,59.17 571,58.147 571,50 C571,41.851 570.966,40.831 570.82,37.631\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/g><\/svg><\/div><div style=\"padding-top: 8px;\"> <div style=\" color:#3897f0; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:550; line-height:18px;\"> View this post on Instagram<\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding: 12.5% 0;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;\"><div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);\"><\/div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;\"><\/div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);\"><\/div><\/div><div style=\"margin-left: 8px;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg)\"><\/div><\/div><div style=\"margin-left: auto;\"> <div style=\" width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);\"><\/div> <div style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);\"><\/div><\/div><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/a><p style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17px; margin-bottom:0; margin-top:8px; overflow:hidden; padding:8px 0 7px; text-align:center; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/BqFidgdBkV8\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; line-height:17px; text-decoration:none;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A post shared by Fernando Escartiz (@fernandoescartiz)<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/blockquote><script async src=\"\/\/platform.instagram.com\/en_US\/embeds.js\"><\/script>\n<\/div><figcaption> Research work on sculptures from the Aztec culture for this year's Day of the Dead celebration at @casa_circulo_cultural.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This myth teaches us that the sacrifice of the gods created the movement of the stars, that it was thanks to having the courage to die that the universe could be set in motion. Blood was necessary to give way to life and this cult remained a symbol of birth, because if the gods had already done it, it was necessary for men to repeat that feat.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The name of the Sun,&nbsp;<em>Tonatiuh<\/em>means \"there will be light\". Not in an immediate time but in that time of waiting in which the gods were afraid and uncertain. The Mexica creation is defined on these two movements of night and day, the feminine and masculine, the shadow and the light. The ancient ones, more than having cardinal points, had regions that clearly reveal the opposition of the Nahuas to think in opposite poles and rather let us see their tendency not to establish definitive and eternal states but transits from one state to another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Man was born according to the myth, from the penetration of Quetzacoatl into Mictlan from where he took the dust from the bones of the scepter of Mictlatecuhtli and created man. That is, it was time incarnated by&nbsp;<em>Quetzalco\u00e1tl<\/em> that penetrates to the center of the earth where darkness lies to make bones the matter of human beings, where it also falls into a trap (the hole called&nbsp;<em>tlaxapochtli<\/em>) laid by the&nbsp;<em>micteca<\/em>The bones will be scattered, the limbs will be separated and it will become that which was going to change, that stripping, that rotting of a divine being to through restoration, create life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;An example of this myth is that children who died early were buried near the so-called barns,&nbsp;<em>cuezcomate<\/em>not only because these early dead infants, according to their beliefs, were to give - by their premature death - to the&nbsp;<em>cincalco<\/em>&nbsp;or house of corn, but because they would deposit their soul energy in the corn stored in that place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The relationship that the pre-Columbian Nahuas developed with everything that was disposable from the body was not one of sorrow or obfuscation. Within the Borgia Code, there is an image in Figure 13 comparing the ingestion of a mortuary lump by the earth,&nbsp;<em>Tlalatecutli<\/em>With cropofagia, the \"essence of the consumed being\" is found in the excrement. As far as the corpse is concerned, what remains after its cremation on earth is the bone, the raw material for the divine elaboration of man and the ultimate state of his organic cycle.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;One of the goddesses related to this vision of death and deposition is the goddess Tlazolt\u00e9otl, who had four names that represented carnality and was also seen as an antithesis of the human process, that while she defecated the bad, what she discarded and left over, the Goddess ate it and turned it into good, that was the main of her divine gifts: regeneration.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The Nahuas believed that for four days and nights the souls of the dead remained among us visiting the cardinal points, then, on the fifth, they were taken to their final destination. For the women, widows, sisters and mourners, the mourning lasted 80 days, where they did not wash their bodies, hair or change their clothes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For four years, every year after the person's death, food, pulque, tobacco, flowers, etc. were offered to him in the name of the deceased and in accordance with the manner of his death. If the death was natural - due to old age - the festivities were held in the month of&nbsp;<em>T\u00edtitl<\/em>. The deceased children were celebrated during the month of&nbsp;<em>Miccailhuitontli<\/em>The first of these was the celebration of the death of a man, while the adults who died in the war and the sacrifice were celebrated in the month of&nbsp;<em>Huey Miccailhuitl;&nbsp;<\/em>those who had died by drowning, dropsy, were struck by lightning or had succumbed to skin problems, were on their way to&nbsp;<em>Tlaloc\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;were celebrated in the month of Tepeilhuitl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Death was not only part of life but also part of a waiting, in which it would go through an expectant silence and regeneration, not just a reincarnation and would go through a transformation. It was the same waiting in which the gods waited for the stars to come out and set them in motion -<em>Ollin<\/em>- to make sense of the universe. The wait and its uncertainty were that moment where the decomposition was total but not fatal, but only a lapse in which life healed itself to re-emerge.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rober D\u00edaz. Pen\u00ednsula 360 Press [P360P] Para los antiguos habitantes de la gran Tenochtitl\u00e1n, las dualidades, como las conocemos actualmente, no exist\u00edan como tal; por ejemplo, habr\u00eda que hacer una diferencia entre vida y existencia. La existencia \u2013nemiliztl, en idioma N\u00e1huatl\u2013, corresponder\u00eda a la parte nocturna que se inicia al nacimiento:&nbsp;tlacatiliztli; y termina con la [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2053,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,14,8],"tags":[273,152,57],"class_list":{"0":"post-2052","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-culture","8":"category-cover","9":"category-usworld","10":"tag-ccj","11":"tag-dia-de-muertos","12":"tag-rober-diaz"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/peninsula360press.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2052","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/peninsula360press.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/peninsula360press.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/peninsula360press.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/peninsula360press.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2052"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/peninsula360press.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2052\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2069,"href":"https:\/\/peninsula360press.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2052\/revisions\/2069"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/peninsula360press.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2053"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/peninsula360press.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2052"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/peninsula360press.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2052"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/peninsula360press.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2052"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}